Mark Rothko
Mark Rothko was born in Dvinsk in the Russian Empire (now Daugavpils in Latvia), but immigrated to the United States as a child in 1913. He studied briefly at several art schools but was mainly self-taught as a painter. He began working in his characteristic style in 1947. In the 1950s he suffered from alcoholism and bouts of depression. This was mirrored in his paintings, whose colour palette became more sombre. Rothko’s international reputation grew steadily throughout the 1950s, and a retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1961 signalled his definitive commercial and critical breakthrough.